1.Human anatomyMedium
Which bone of the skull contains the foramen magnum?
- AParietal bone
- BTemporal bone
- CSphenoid bone
- DOccipital bone
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
An indirect inguinal hernia enters the inguinal canal at which point?
- AThrough the superficial ring only, without entering the canal
- BThrough the posterior wall of the canal, medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
- CBelow the inguinal ligament, through the femoral canal
- DThrough the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why can cardiac muscle not be tetanised like skeletal muscle?
- AIt is not striated
- BIt has no calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- CIts long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
- DIt is controlled only by hormones
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- ACarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- BNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
- COxygen becomes toxic at the surface
- DThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Occipital bone
Why this is the answer
The foramen magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone through which the medulla oblongata continues as the spinal cord.
Answer
D · Occipital bone
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Why this is the answer
An indirect hernia passes through the deep ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and runs along the canal. A direct hernia pushes through the posterior wall medial to them.
Answer
D · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
Why this is the answer
The plateau of the cardiac action potential gives a long refractory period, so the muscle relaxes before it can be excited again. This allows the heart to refill.
Answer
C · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
Answer
B · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
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