1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?
- ACircumflex artery
- BLeft anterior descending artery
- CRight coronary artery
- DPosterior descending artery
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
In the femoral triangle, what is the order of the main structures from lateral to medial?
- AFemoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
- BFemoral artery, femoral nerve, femoral vein
- CFemoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery
- DFemoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiologyMedium
In which form is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?
- ABound to the haem iron
- BAs carbonic acid in platelets
- CAs bicarbonate ions in plasma
- DDissolved as CO₂ gas
4.Human physiologyHard
In pernicious anaemia, autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to anaemia because:
- AGastrin is lost, so the bone marrow is no longer stimulated
- BAcid is lost, so iron is never absorbed in any form
- CIntrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
- DPepsin is lost, so haemoglobin cannot be made
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Left anterior descending artery
Why this is the answer
The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.
Answer
B · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
Why this is the answer
From lateral to medial: nerve, artery, vein, then empty space and lymphatics (NAVEL). This is why the femoral artery pulse lies between the nerve and vein.
Answer
D · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
Why this is the answer
About 70% of CO₂ is carried as bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase in red cells converts CO₂ and water to carbonic acid, which dissociates into H⁺ and HCO₃⁻.
Answer
C · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, needed for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis and causes megaloblastic anaemia.
Answer
C · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
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