Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which cranial nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

  1. AAccessory nerve (XI)
  2. BFacial nerve (VII)
  3. CVagus nerve (X)
  4. DHypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomyHard

After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?

  1. AMedian nerve
  2. BUlnar nerve
  3. CMusculocutaneous nerve
  4. DRadial nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which ion enters the cell to cause the depolarisation phase of a typical neuronal action potential?

  1. APotassium (K⁺)
  2. BChloride (Cl⁻)
  3. CSodium (Na⁺)
  4. DCalcium (Ca²⁺)
4.Human physiologyHard

Why can a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning have a normal PaO₂ but severe tissue hypoxia?

  1. ACO stops oxygen from dissolving in plasma
  2. BCO lowers the barometric pressure in the alveoli
  3. CCO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
  4. DCO blocks diffusion across the alveolar wall

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Accessory nerve (XI)

Why this is the answer

The accessory nerve (XI) supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Damage weakens head turning and shoulder shrugging.

Answer

A · Accessory nerve (XI)
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Ulnar nerve

Why this is the answer

The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.

Answer

B · Ulnar nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · Sodium (Na⁺)

Why this is the answer

Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open and Na⁺ rushes in, depolarising the membrane. K⁺ outflow then repolarises it.

Answer

C · Sodium (Na⁺)
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls

Why this is the answer

CO binds haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen and shifts the curve left. Dissolved O₂ (PaO₂) is normal, but total oxygen content and release to tissues drop sharply.

Answer

C · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls

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