1.Human anatomyMedium
Which bone of the skull contains the foramen magnum?
- AOccipital bone
- BParietal bone
- CSphenoid bone
- DTemporal bone
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- AGreat saphenous vein
- BObturator nerve
- CSpermatic cord
- DFemoral artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by:
- AEjection fraction
- BBlood pressure
- CPeripheral resistance
- DStroke volume
4.Human physiologyHard
Spirometry shows reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC, with a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio. What pattern is this?
- AAn obstructive pattern, as in emphysema or chronic bronchitis
- BAn obstructive pattern, as in asthma
- CA normal result in an older adult
- DA restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Occipital bone
Why this is the answer
The foramen magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone through which the medulla oblongata continues as the spinal cord.
Answer
A · Occipital bone
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
Answer
C · Spermatic cord
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Stroke volume
Why this is the answer
CO = HR × SV. At rest about 70 beats/min × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/min.
Answer
D · Stroke volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
Why this is the answer
In restrictive disease the lungs are small or stiff, so both FEV1 and FVC fall but the ratio is preserved. Obstruction lowers FEV1 more than FVC.
Answer
D · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
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