1.Human anatomyMedium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- AVenae cavae
- BPulmonary veins
- CBronchial arteries
- DPulmonary arteries
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Where does the thoracic duct usually empty its lymph into the blood?
- ARight atrium directly
- BInferior vena cava at the level of the kidneys
- CJunction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
- DJunction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
3.Human physiologyMedium
During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed while ventricular pressure rises?
- AAtrial systole
- BIsovolumetric contraction
- CRapid filling
- DRapid ejection
4.Human physiologyHard
Which spirometry finding is typical of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- AFEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
- BIncreased peak expiratory flow
- CFEV1/FVC ratio above 0.9 with low FVC
- DNormal FEV1 with low FVC
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Pulmonary veins
Why this is the answer
Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.
Answer
B · Pulmonary veins
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
Why this is the answer
The thoracic duct drains lymph from both legs, the abdomen and the left side of the upper body into the left venous angle. The right lymphatic duct drains the rest into the right venous angle.
Answer
C · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Isovolumetric contraction
Why this is the answer
After the AV valves close, the ventricles contract against closed semilunar valves. Pressure rises with no volume change until the aortic and pulmonary valves open.
Answer
B · Isovolumetric contraction
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
Why this is the answer
Narrowed airways slow expiration, so FEV1 falls more than FVC and the ratio drops below 0.7. In COPD this is not fully reversed by bronchodilators.
Answer
A · FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
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