1.Human anatomyMedium
Which bone of the skull contains the foramen magnum?
- AOccipital bone
- BSphenoid bone
- CParietal bone
- DTemporal bone
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Where does the thoracic duct usually empty its lymph into the blood?
- AJunction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
- BRight atrium directly
- CJunction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
- DInferior vena cava at the level of the kidneys
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- ABundle of His
- BPurkinje fibres
- CAtrioventricular node
- DSinoatrial node
4.Human physiologyHard
Constriction of the efferent arteriole of a glomerulus, with the afferent arteriole unchanged, tends to:
- AHave no effect on GFR at all
- BStop filtration completely
- CRaise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
- DLower glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Occipital bone
Why this is the answer
The foramen magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone through which the medulla oblongata continues as the spinal cord.
Answer
A · Occipital bone
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
Why this is the answer
The thoracic duct drains lymph from both legs, the abdomen and the left side of the upper body into the left venous angle. The right lymphatic duct drains the rest into the right venous angle.
Answer
A · Junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Sinoatrial node
Why this is the answer
The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.
Answer
D · Sinoatrial node
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Raise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
Why this is the answer
Efferent constriction holds blood in the glomerulus, raising its pressure and GFR. Angiotensin II acts this way, which is why ACE inhibitors can lower GFR.
Answer
C · Raise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
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