1.Human anatomyMedium
Which spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
- AC3 to C7
- BC5 to T1
- CC1 to C4
- DT1 to T5
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure is found in the posterior mediastinum?
- AOesophagus
- BThymus
- CHeart
- DAscending aorta
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?
- A7.35 to 7.45
- B7.00 to 7.20
- C7.50 to 7.65
- D6.80 to 7.00
4.Human physiologyHard
At the start of a fever, a patient shivers and feels cold even though body temperature is rising. Why?
- AThe thermoreceptors in the skin are destroyed
- BPyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
- CThe body has lost its ability to produce heat
- DSweating has already cooled the body too much
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · C5 to T1
Why this is the answer
The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. It gives rise to the main nerves of the arm.
Answer
B · C5 to T1
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Oesophagus
Why this is the answer
The posterior mediastinum contains the oesophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins and thoracic duct. The heart and ascending aorta are in the middle mediastinum; the thymus is in the superior and anterior mediastinum.
Answer
A · Oesophagus
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · 7.35 to 7.45
Why this is the answer
Arterial pH is normally 7.35–7.45. Below 7.35 is acidaemia and above 7.45 alkalaemia.
Answer
A · 7.35 to 7.45
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
Why this is the answer
Pyrogens trigger prostaglandin E₂ in the hypothalamus, raising the set point. Until body temperature reaches the new set point, heat-gain responses such as shivering occur.
Answer
B · Pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point above the current body temperature
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