Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

In which structure do sperm mature and get stored after leaving the testis?

  1. AProstate gland
  2. BSeminal vesicle
  3. CEpididymis
  4. DSeminiferous tubules
2.Human anatomyHard

In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?

  1. ALigamentum arteriosum
  2. BFossa ovalis
  3. CLigamentum venosum
  4. DLigamentum teres
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

  1. AAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  2. BAtrial natriuretic peptide
  3. CParathyroid hormone
  4. DAldosterone
4.Human physiologyHard

Why does fetal haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than adult haemoglobin?

  1. AFetal blood has a higher pH
  2. BIt contains more iron per haem
  3. CIt binds 2,3-BPG less strongly
  4. DIt has five subunits instead of four

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Epididymis

Why this is the answer

Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and then mature and are stored in the epididymis before passing into the ductus deferens.

Answer

C · Epididymis
2.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Ligamentum arteriosum

Why this is the answer

The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.

Answer

A · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Why this is the answer

ADH (vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary inserts aquaporin-2 channels, making the collecting duct permeable to water and concentrating the urine.

Answer

A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · It binds 2,3-BPG less strongly

Why this is the answer

The gamma chains of HbF bind 2,3-BPG poorly, so the curve is shifted left. This lets fetal blood take oxygen from maternal blood in the placenta.

Answer

C · It binds 2,3-BPG less strongly

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