Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

New problemsBack to the course

In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.

1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

The circle of Willis at the base of the brain connects which two arterial supplies?

  1. AJugular and vertebral systems
  2. BLeft and right external carotid arteries
  3. CExternal carotid and subclavian arterial systems
  4. DInternal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
2.Human anatomyHard

Injury to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve at the neck of the fibula typically causes:

  1. ALoss of sensation on the sole of the foot
  2. BFoot drop
  3. CWeak hip abduction
  4. DInability to flex the knee
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?

  1. AFibrin
  2. BThrombin
  3. CAlbumin
  4. DCollagen
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient has taken high-dose prednisolone for a year. What is the state of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis?

  1. AACTH is high and the adrenal cortex is enlarged
  2. BACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied
  3. CACTH is normal and cortisol production is increased
  4. DThe adrenal medulla has stopped making adrenaline and noradrenaline

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: D · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems

Why this is the answer

The circle of Willis links the internal carotid arteries with the basilar artery (formed by the vertebral arteries), allowing some collateral flow.

Answer

D · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Foot drop

Why this is the answer

The common fibular nerve supplies the dorsiflexors and evertors. Damage at the fibular neck causes foot drop and a high-stepping gait. The sole is supplied by the tibial nerve.

Answer

B · Foot drop
3.Human physiology

Answer: A · Fibrin

Why this is the answer

Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.

Answer

A · Fibrin
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · ACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied

Why this is the answer

Exogenous glucocorticoid suppresses CRH and ACTH, so the adrenal cortex atrophies. Stopping the drug suddenly can cause an adrenal crisis, so it is tapered.

Answer

B · ACTH is suppressed and the adrenal cortex has atrophied

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology