1.Human anatomyMedium
In which part of the nephron does most reabsorption of water and sodium take place?
- ALoop of Henle
- BCollecting duct
- CDistal convoluted tubule
- DProximal convoluted tubule
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A stab wound cuts the left half of the spinal cord at T10. Which pattern of loss is expected below the lesion?
- ALeft-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
- BLoss of all sensation and movement on the left only
- CLoss of pain and temperature on both sides only
- DRight-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, left-sided loss of pain and temperature
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is anatomical dead space?
- AAlveoli that have collapsed completely
- BThe space between the two pleural layers
- CThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
- DThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)
4.Human physiologyHard
What is the main reason the ventricles do not contract at the same moment as the atria?
- AThe Purkinje fibres conduct slowly
- BThe SA node fires twice per beat
- CThe ventricles have a longer refractory period only
- DConduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Proximal convoluted tubule
Why this is the answer
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about two thirds of the filtered sodium and water, plus nearly all glucose and amino acids.
Answer
D · Proximal convoluted tubule
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Left-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
Why this is the answer
In Brown-Séquard syndrome the corticospinal tract and dorsal columns are lost on the same side, while the spinothalamic tract, which crosses near entry, causes contralateral pain and temperature loss.
Answer
A · Left-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
Why this is the answer
Anatomical dead space (about 150 ml) is air in the nose, trachea and bronchi. It is moved with every breath but never reaches the alveoli.
Answer
C · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
Why this is the answer
The AV node conducts slowly (about 0.1 s delay), so atrial contraction completes ventricular filling before ventricular depolarisation begins.
Answer
D · Conduction is delayed at the atrioventricular node
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology