Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

  1. AAortic valve
  2. BMitral (bicuspid) valve
  3. CTricuspid valve
  4. DPulmonary valve
2.Human anatomyHard

After axillary lymph node surgery, a patient's scapula sticks out from the chest wall when pushing against a wall. Which nerve has been damaged?

  1. AThoracodorsal nerve
  2. BLong thoracic nerve
  3. CAxillary nerve
  4. DSuprascapular nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?

  1. A7.00 to 7.20
  2. B7.50 to 7.65
  3. C6.80 to 7.00
  4. D7.35 to 7.45
4.Human physiologyHard

Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?

  1. ACarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
  2. BOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
  3. CNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
  4. DThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Why this is the answer

The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.

Answer

B · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Long thoracic nerve

Why this is the answer

The long thoracic nerve supplies serratus anterior, which holds the scapula against the chest wall. Damage causes a winged scapula.

Answer

B · Long thoracic nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: D · 7.35 to 7.45

Why this is the answer

Arterial pH is normally 7.35–7.45. Below 7.35 is acidaemia and above 7.45 alkalaemia.

Answer

D · 7.35 to 7.45
4.Human physiology

Answer: C · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls

Why this is the answer

At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".

Answer

C · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls

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