Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?

  1. AAmpulla of the uterine tube
  2. BBody of the uterus
  3. CCervix
  4. DOvary
2.Human anatomyHard

A patient with a large aneurysm of the aortic arch develops hoarseness. Which nerve is most likely compressed?

  1. AExternal laryngeal nerve
  2. BLeft phrenic nerve
  3. CLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve
  4. DRight recurrent laryngeal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?

  1. AInspiratory reserve volume and residual volume
  2. BResidual volume and expiratory reserve volume
  3. CTidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
  4. DTidal volume and residual volume
4.Human physiologyHard

Why can a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning have a normal PaO₂ but severe tissue hypoxia?

  1. ACO lowers the barometric pressure in the alveoli
  2. BCO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
  3. CCO stops oxygen from dissolving in plasma
  4. DCO blocks diffusion across the alveolar wall

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: A · Ampulla of the uterine tube

Why this is the answer

Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.

Answer

A · Ampulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Why this is the answer

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the aortic arch beside the ligamentum arteriosum. It supplies most laryngeal muscles, so compression causes hoarseness.

Answer

C · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

Why this is the answer

Vital capacity = IRV + TV + ERV. It excludes the residual volume, which always stays in the lungs.

Answer

C · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiology

Answer: B · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls

Why this is the answer

CO binds haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen and shifts the curve left. Dissolved O₂ (PaO₂) is normal, but total oxygen content and release to tissues drop sharply.

Answer

B · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls

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