1.Human anatomyMedium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- AVenae cavae
- BBronchial arteries
- CPulmonary arteries
- DPulmonary veins
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
Which muscle is the main flexor of the hip joint?
- AAdductor magnus
- BBiceps femoris
- CIliopsoas
- DGluteus maximus
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidney?
- ASodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
- BIncreased filtration in the glomerulus
- CGlucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- DWater reabsorption by inserting aquaporins only
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
- AHigh pH and high bicarbonate
- BLow pH and low bicarbonate
- CLow pH and high PaCO₂
- DHigh pH and low PaCO₂
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Pulmonary veins
Why this is the answer
Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.
Answer
D · Pulmonary veins
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Iliopsoas
Why this is the answer
Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus) is the strongest hip flexor. Gluteus maximus extends the hip.
Answer
C · Iliopsoas
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
Why this is the answer
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion. Water follows the sodium, raising blood volume.
Answer
A · Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · High pH and low PaCO₂
Why this is the answer
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer
D · High pH and low PaCO₂
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