Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

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1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?

  1. APia mater
  2. BArachnoid granulations
  3. CChoroid plexus
  4. DPineal gland
2.Human anatomyHard

In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?

  1. ALigamentum teres
  2. BLigamentum arteriosum
  3. CFossa ovalis
  4. DLigamentum venosum
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which ABO blood group has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?

  1. AGroup A
  2. BGroup O
  3. CGroup AB
  4. DGroup B
4.Human physiologyHard

Why does left ventricular failure cause pulmonary oedema?

  1. APlasma oncotic pressure in the lungs rises sharply
  2. BThe bronchial arteries become blocked
  3. CThe right ventricle pumps less blood into the lungs
  4. DRaised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Choroid plexus

Why this is the answer

The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.

Answer

C · Choroid plexus
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Ligamentum arteriosum

Why this is the answer

The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.

Answer

B · Ligamentum arteriosum
3.Human physiology

Answer: B · Group O

Why this is the answer

Group O people have no A or B antigens and make both anti-A and anti-B. Group AB has both antigens and neither antibody.

Answer

B · Group O
4.Human physiology

Answer: D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure

Why this is the answer

A failing left ventricle backs up pressure into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. High capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid into the lung interstitium and alveoli.

Answer

D · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure

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