1.Human anatomyMedium
Which superficial vein in the front of the elbow is most often used for venepuncture?
- AAxillary vein
- BGreat saphenous vein
- CBrachial vein
- DMedian cubital vein
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient has a drooping eyelid, a dilated pupil and an eye that rests "down and out". Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- AOculomotor nerve (III)
- BOptic nerve (II)
- CTrochlear nerve (IV)
- DAbducens nerve (VI)
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ion enters the cell to cause the depolarisation phase of a typical neuronal action potential?
- ACalcium (Ca²⁺)
- BPotassium (K⁺)
- CChloride (Cl⁻)
- DSodium (Na⁺)
4.Human physiologyHard
Which adaptation develops over days to weeks at high altitude?
- AIncreased renal bicarbonate retention
- BHigher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
- CLower ventilation to save oxygen
- DA fall in haematocrit
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Median cubital vein
Why this is the answer
The median cubital vein crosses the cubital fossa between the cephalic and basilic veins. It is superficial, large and fairly fixed, so it is easy to puncture.
Answer
D · Median cubital vein
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Oculomotor nerve (III)
Why this is the answer
The oculomotor nerve supplies most eye muscles, levator palpebrae and the pupil constrictor. Lesion leaves lateral rectus and superior oblique unopposed, so the eye goes down and out.
Answer
A · Oculomotor nerve (III)
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Sodium (Na⁺)
Why this is the answer
Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open and Na⁺ rushes in, depolarising the membrane. K⁺ outflow then repolarises it.
Answer
D · Sodium (Na⁺)
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
Why this is the answer
Hypoxia stimulates EPO and red cell production, raising oxygen-carrying capacity. Hyperventilation causes alkalosis, which the kidneys compensate by excreting bicarbonate.
Answer
B · Higher erythropoietin levels and more red blood cells
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology