Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack

Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.

New problemsBack to the course

In the print window, choose “Save as PDF” to keep a copy on your device.

1Practice problems

1.Human anatomyMedium

Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?

  1. AArachnoid granulations
  2. BPia mater
  3. CChoroid plexus
  4. DPineal gland
2.Human anatomyHard

After axillary lymph node surgery, a patient's scapula sticks out from the chest wall when pushing against a wall. Which nerve has been damaged?

  1. ASuprascapular nerve
  2. BLong thoracic nerve
  3. CThoracodorsal nerve
  4. DAxillary nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium

Which receptors respond mainly to a fall in arterial oxygen levels?

  1. ACentral chemoreceptors in the medulla
  2. BStretch receptors in the lungs
  3. CPeripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
  4. DBaroreceptors in the carotid sinus
4.Human physiologyHard

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis breathes deeply and rapidly. What pattern is expected on the blood gas?

  1. ALow pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  2. BHigh pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂
  3. CLow pH, high bicarbonate and high PaCO₂
  4. DLow pH, normal bicarbonate and high PaCO₂

2Solutions

1.Human anatomy

Answer: C · Choroid plexus

Why this is the answer

The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.

Answer

C · Choroid plexus
2.Human anatomy

Answer: B · Long thoracic nerve

Why this is the answer

The long thoracic nerve supplies serratus anterior, which holds the scapula against the chest wall. Damage causes a winged scapula.

Answer

B · Long thoracic nerve
3.Human physiology

Answer: C · Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies

Why this is the answer

The carotid and aortic bodies detect low PaO₂ (and also high CO₂ and H⁺). The central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ but not directly to oxygen.

Answer

C · Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
4.Human physiology

Answer: A · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

Why this is the answer

Ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing metabolic acidosis. Kussmaul breathing lowers PaCO₂ as respiratory compensation.

Answer

A · Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO₂

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/anatomy-and-physiology