1.Human anatomyMedium
Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?
- ACervix
- BOvary
- CBody of the uterus
- DAmpulla of the uterine tube
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A footballer takes a blow to the outside of the planted knee. Which combination of injuries is classically called the "unhappy triad"?
- AMedial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and patella
- BPosterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament and lateral meniscus
- CAnterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and patellar ligament
- DAnterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the heart?
- AIt increases ventricular contractility strongly
- BIt increases the heart rate
- CIt slows the heart rate
- DIt constricts the coronary arteries
4.Human physiologyHard
A young woman has muscle weakness that gets worse with repeated use and improves with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. What is the most likely mechanism?
- AAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
- BDemyelination of central nervous system tracts
- CLoss of motor neurons in the spinal cord
- DA defect in the dystrophin protein of muscle
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Ampulla of the uterine tube
Why this is the answer
Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.
Answer
D · Ampulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
Why this is the answer
A valgus force with rotation tears the MCL, the ACL and the medial meniscus, which is firmly attached to the MCL.
Answer
D · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · It slows the heart rate
Why this is the answer
The vagus releases acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the SA and AV nodes, slowing pacemaker firing and AV conduction.
Answer
C · It slows the heart rate
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
Why this is the answer
In myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies reduce the number of functional acetylcholine receptors. Blocking acetylcholinesterase leaves more ACh to bind the remaining receptors.
Answer
A · Antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
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