1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ATeres major
- BDeltoid
- CLatissimus dorsi
- DSubscapularis
Anatomy and Physiology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 4 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Human anatomyHard
A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:
- ALeft-sided weakness and aphasia
- BIsolated loss of balance
- CRight-sided weakness and aphasia
- DRight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
3.Human physiologyMedium
In skeletal muscle, where does most of the calcium for contraction come from?
- AThe mitochondria
- BThe extracellular fluid
- CThe nucleus
- DThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiologyHard
Why is severe hyperkalaemia dangerous for the heart?
- AIt depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
- BIt hyperpolarises cardiac cells, so they can never fire
- CIt blocks the binding of calcium to troponin
- DIt speeds up the SA node until tachycardia causes fainting
2Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
Answer
D · Subscapularis
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
Why this is the answer
The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.
Answer
C · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
Why this is the answer
Depolarisation of the T-tubules opens ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, releasing stored calcium into the cytoplasm.
Answer
D · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
Why this is the answer
High extracellular potassium makes the resting potential less negative. Many fast sodium channels then become inactivated, slowing conduction and risking fatal arrhythmias.
Answer
A · It depolarises cardiac cells, inactivating sodium channels and causing arrhythmias
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