Introduction to Law: cram pack

Under UCTA 1977, a business-to-business clause excluding liability for property damage caused by negligence is valid:

1. AAlways, because businesses can bargain freely
2. BNever, in any circumstances
3. COnly if signed by a company director
4. DOnly if it satisfies the requirement of reasonableness

A builder agrees to finish work for an agreed price, then demands more money. The client pays to avoid delay and gets a practical benefit. In English law (Williams v Roffey), the promise to pay more may be:

1. AEnforceable, because the practical benefit can be consideration if there is no duress
2. BA criminal offence
3. CUnenforceable, because performing an existing contractual duty can never be good consideration
4. DEnforceable only if made in writing

A worker inhales silica dust from two sources, only one of which was due to the employer's breach. In Bonnington Castings v Wardlaw, the employer was liable because the guilty dust:

1. AMaterially contributed to the disease
2. BWas more than half of the total dust
3. CWas easier to prevent than the other dust
4. DWas the only cause of the disease

A worker gets dermatitis from brick dust. The employer did not provide washing facilities, but science could not show that washing would have prevented it. In McGhee v National Coal Board:

1. AThe worker was barred by consenting to the risk
2. BThe employer was liable, because its breach materially increased the risk
3. CThe employer was not liable, because the "but for" test could not be satisfied
4. DThe employer was liable for half the damages only

Under ECHR case law such as Sunday Times v UK, for a restriction to be "prescribed by law", the law must be:

1. AAdequately accessible and foreseeable in its effects
2. BContained in a single written statute passed by parliament
3. CApproved by a referendum
4. DOlder than the Convention

A woman with a terminal illness asks for a guarantee that her husband will not be prosecuted for helping her die. In Pretty v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that Article 2:

1. ARequires states to allow assisted suicide
2. BWas not engaged by her case at all
3. CRequires an immunity for her husband
4. DDoes not include a right to die

D and V are playing a properly organised rugby match. D tackles V within the rules and V breaks a leg. D is most likely:

1. ANot liable, because players consent to injuries within the rules of the game
2. BLiable for battery, because consent is never a defence to serious bodily harm
3. CLiable, because rugby is not a recognised sport
4. DLiable for GBH, because a serious injury was caused

In R v Larsonneur (1933), a French woman was convicted of being an illegal alien in the UK after being brought there by police against her will. The case illustrates:

1. ATransferred malice from the police to the defendant
2. BA state of affairs offence where liability arose without a voluntary act
3. CThe requirement of a duty for omissions
4. DThe defence of duress of circumstances excusing an involuntary immigration offence

The ordinary legislative procedure gives equal law-making roles to:

1. ANational parliaments and the Commission
2. BThe European Council and the Central Bank
3. CThe European Parliament and the Council
4. DThe Commission and the Court of Justice

In Commission v Italy (trailers, 2009), an Italian ban on motorcycles towing trailers was held to be:

1. AA measure having equivalent effect, because it hindered access to the market for the product
2. BA selling arrangement outside Article 34
3. COutside Article 34 because it applied equally to domestic and imported motorcycles and trailers alike
4. DA customs duty contrary to Article 30