Introduction to Law: cram pack

Damages for breach of contract are generally meant to:

1. AReturn both parties only to the position they were in before the contract was made
2. BPut the innocent party in the position as if the contract had been performed
3. CGive the innocent party a profit beyond their loss
4. DPunish the party in breach

A former spy publishes his memoirs in breach of his undertaking not to disclose official information. In AG v Blake, the House of Lords:

1. AOrdered him to account for his profits, in an exceptional case
2. BAwarded only nominal damages
3. CHeld that no remedy was available
4. DAwarded punitive damages to the Crown

A firefighter is injured by a heavy jack in an unsuitable lorry rushed to rescue a woman trapped under a vehicle. Under Watt v Hertfordshire CC, the fire authority was:

1. ANot negligent, because saving life justified the risk
2. BNegligent, because it used an unsuitable vehicle
3. CStrictly liable for injuries to employees
4. DNegligent, because firefighters must never take risks

An internal auditor with a grudge against his employer leaks staff payroll data online. In WM Morrison Supermarkets v Various Claimants (2020), the Supreme Court held the employer:

1. ALiable only to staff whose data was used for fraud
2. BVicariously liable, as data breaches are strict liability
3. CNot vicariously liable, as he was pursuing a personal vendetta
4. DVicariously liable, as he had access to the data through his job

In Lingens v Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held that politicians:

1. AHave no rights under Article 10
2. BMust tolerate wider criticism than private individuals
3. CAre fully protected from any criticism
4. DCannot sue for defamation at all

Soldiers shoot dead three suspected terrorists in Gibraltar. In McCann v UK, the European Court of Human Rights found a breach of Article 2 because:

1. AThe UK had not ratified the Convention for Gibraltar
2. BThe soldiers acted out of personal hatred
3. CThe operation was not planned and controlled to minimise the use of lethal force
4. DAny killing by state agents breaches Article 2

D buys a substance believing it is heroin and intends to sell it on. In fact it is harmless powder. Following R v Shivpuri, D is:

1. AGuilty of attempt, as impossibility is no defence under the 1981 Act
2. BNot guilty, because the substance was harmless
3. CGuilty of the full offence of dealing drugs
4. DNot guilty, because attempting the impossible is no offence under the 1981 Act

In R v Gullefer (1990), D ran onto a greyhound track to get the race declared void and recover his bet. The Court of Appeal held:

1. AHe was guilty of attempted theft, as running onto the track was more than preparatory
2. BAttempt requires the last act before the crime
3. CImpossibility gave him a complete defence
4. DHis acts were merely preparatory, as he had not embarked on the "crime proper"

Costa v ENEL (1964) established:

1. AThe direct effect of regulations
2. BThe supremacy (primacy) of EU law over national law
3. CThe principle of subsidiarity
4. DState liability for breaches of EU law

EU citizenship case law (Zambrano) established that a third-country national parent of a child who is an EU citizen may have a right of residence when:

1. AThe parent has lived lawfully in the child's member state for at least five years before applying for residence
2. BRefusal would deprive the child of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of EU citizenship rights
3. CThe child is older than 18
4. DThe parent pays a residence fee