Introduction to Law: cram pack

Damages for breach of contract are generally meant to:

1. APunish the party in breach
2. BReturn both parties only to the position they were in before the contract was made
3. CPut the innocent party in the position as if the contract had been performed
4. DGive the innocent party a profit beyond their loss

A husband who has left his wife signs a note promising to transfer the house to her if she pays off the mortgage. She does. In Merritt v Merritt, the promise was:

1. AEnforceable only because it was made by deed
2. BUnenforceable, because she gave no consideration
3. CEnforceable, because separated spouses are presumed to intend legal relations
4. DUnenforceable, because it was a domestic arrangement between husband and wife

Under Froom v Butcher, if wearing a seatbelt would have prevented a car passenger's injuries entirely, damages are usually reduced by:

1. A10%
2. B75%
3. C50%
4. D25%

Which statement about the "loss of a chance" doctrine in English medical negligence is correct?

1. AThe doctrine applies only to economic loss in all cases
2. BA lost chance of recovery below 50% is generally not compensated (Gregg v Scott)
3. CLost chances are compensated proportionately, as in claims for lost commercial chances
4. DAny lost chance is fully compensated

In England and Wales, a claim for judicial review must generally be filed:

1. APromptly, and in any event within three months
2. BWithin six years
3. CWithin one year
4. DAt any time

In Germany, an individual who claims a public authority has violated their basic rights may, after exhausting other remedies, bring:

1. AA case to the European Court of Justice
2. BA constitutional complaint to the Federal Constitutional Court
3. CA request to the Federal President to veto
4. DA petition directly to the Bundestag's President

D points a gun at his friend as a joke, both believing it will not fire. It fires and kills the friend. Following R v Lamb, there was no unlawful act manslaughter because:

1. AThe death was caused by the gun malfunctioning, not by any act of D's
2. BThe gun belonged to the friend
3. CJokes cannot be criminal under English law
4. DThere was no assault, since the friend did not apprehend any force

In R v Larsonneur (1933), a French woman was convicted of being an illegal alien in the UK after being brought there by police against her will. The case illustrates:

1. ATransferred malice from the police to the defendant
2. BThe requirement of a duty for omissions
3. CThe defence of duress of circumstances excusing an involuntary immigration offence
4. DA state of affairs offence where liability arose without a voluntary act

The Cassis de Dijon judgment introduced:

1. AMutual recognition and mandatory requirements as justifications for indistinctly applicable measures
2. BEU citizenship
3. CState liability
4. DThe rule that indistinctly applicable measures can be justified only on the grounds listed exhaustively in Article 36 TFEU

The Kadi judgment (2008) is significant because the CJEU held that:

1. AEU measures implementing UN Security Council resolutions must respect EU fundamental rights
2. BIndividuals can never challenge sanctions
3. CUN Security Council resolutions always prevail over EU fundamental rights under the UN Charter
4. DThe EU has no competence in foreign policy