Introduction to Law: cram pack

An acceptance is sent by telex and arrives in the offeror's office during working hours. Under Entores v Miles Far East, acceptance takes effect:

1. AWhen it is confirmed by post
2. BWhen the offeror reads it a week later
3. CWhen it is sent by the offeree
4. DWhen it is received by the offeror

An innocent party who terminates a contract for repudiatory breach must generally:

1. APay a penalty to the party in breach
2. BClearly communicate the decision to accept the repudiation
3. CContinue performing until the contract ends naturally on its agreed date
4. DWait for a court order before stopping performance

Two 15-year-old girls fence with plastic rulers and one is injured in the eye. Under Mullin v Richards, the defendant's conduct is judged by the standard of:

1. AA reasonable 15-year-old
2. BThe defendant's own understanding
3. CA reasonable teacher
4. DA reasonable adult

In Hedley Byrne v Heller, liability for negligent misstatement arose because:

1. AThe statement caused physical injury
2. BThe defendant intended to deceive
3. CThere was a contract between the parties under which the bank was paid a fee for the reference it gave
4. DThere was a special relationship in which the claimant reasonably relied on advice given with skill

A bicameral legislature has:

1. AOne chamber
2. BTwo chambers
3. CThree chambers
4. DNo elected members

Walter Bagehot described the "efficient secret" of the English constitution as:

1. AThe close union of the executive and legislative powers
2. BThe strict separation of all three powers
3. CThe independence of the House of Lords
4. DThe monarch's power to veto legislation

D, being pursued by armed police, uses V as a human shield and fires at the officers. The police return fire and kill V. Following R v Pagett, D is:

1. ANot liable, because V's death was not foreseeable to D
2. BNot liable, because the police officers' decision to fire was a free, deliberate and informed intervening act
3. CLiable, because the police acted reasonably in self-defence and did not break the chain of causation
4. DLiable only if the police officers are also convicted

In R v Windle (1952), the court interpreted "wrong" in the M'Naghten Rules to mean:

1. AMorally wrong by society's standards
2. BLegally wrong
3. CWrong in the eyes of a doctor
4. DWrong according to the defendant's own beliefs

Costa v ENEL (1964) established:

1. AState liability for breaches of EU law
2. BThe supremacy (primacy) of EU law over national law
3. CThe principle of subsidiarity
4. DThe direct effect of regulations

In Mangold (2005) and Kücükdeveci (2010), the Court allowed an individual to rely on EU law against a private employer because:

1. AThe directive on equal treatment in employment had horizontal direct effect in itself after the transposition deadline
2. BThe national law had been annulled by the Commission
3. CThe employer was an emanation of the state
4. DThe prohibition of age discrimination is a general principle of EU law, given expression in a directive