Introduction to Law: cram pack

A seller says the farms are "fully let" but does not mention that the tenants have given notice to leave. This is:

1. AMere silence, which is never actionable
2. BA misrepresentation by half-truth
3. CA mere puff with no legal effect
4. DA statement of opinion only

Under the Vienna Sales Convention (CISG), a reply to an offer that adds non-material terms:

1. AHas no legal effect
2. BIs an acceptance, unless the offeror objects without undue delay
3. CCreates a contract only after a court confirms that the added terms are non-material
4. DIs always a rejection

A man bangs trays and shouts every time his neighbour, a music teacher, gives lessons, purely to annoy her. In Christie v Davey, the court held:

1. AOnly the police could deal with the noise
2. BMusic lessons are themselves a nuisance
3. CHis malice made the noise an unreasonable use of land and a nuisance
4. DIntention is irrelevant in nuisance, so his motive could not affect the claim

In Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services, the court allowed claims against employers even though the "but for" test could not be met because:

1. AThe House of Lords abolished causation
2. BThe employers admitted intention
3. CSeveral employers had exposed the victim to asbestos and it was impossible to say which caused the mesothelioma
4. DThe victims had signed contracts with all the employers, which expressly allocated liability for asbestos disease

In Dudgeon v UK, the European Court of Human Rights held that criminalising consensual homosexual acts between adult men in Northern Ireland:

1. AViolated the right to respect for private life under Article 8
2. BViolated only the right to marry
3. CWas outside the scope of the Convention
4. DWas justified under Article 8(2) as necessary to protect public morals

The "margin of appreciation" doctrine of the European Court of Human Rights means that:

1. AThe Court never reviews national decisions
2. BStates have some discretion in how they protect rights, especially on sensitive moral issues
3. CStates may disregard Strasbourg judgments whenever their own parliament disagrees with the outcome
4. DEvery state must apply identical rules

Causation in criminal law requires that the defendant's act was:

1. AThe only cause of the result
2. BMorally wrong
3. CA factual and legal cause of the result
4. DIntended to cause the result in every case

In R v Roberts (1971), a woman jumped from a moving car to escape a sexual assault and was injured. The court held the defendant liable unless her reaction was:

1. ASo "daft" or unexpected that no reasonable person could have foreseen it
2. BMore dangerous than staying in the car
3. CCaused by her own panic and fear
4. DTaken without first asking the defendant to stop the car and let her out

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (1970) held that the validity of a Community measure:

1. ARequires approval by a national referendum
2. BCannot be affected by claims that it breaches national constitutional rights
3. CCan be reviewed by any national court that doubts it
4. DDepends on its compatibility with the fundamental rights in each national constitution

Keck and Mithouard (1993) held that national rules on "selling arrangements" fall outside Article 34 TFEU if they:

1. AConcern the composition, labelling or packaging of products, even if they apply equally to all traders in the national territory
2. BApply to all traders in the national territory and affect domestic and imported products equally in law and fact
3. CAre adopted by local authorities
4. DDiscriminate against imported products