Introduction to Law: cram pack

Police provide extra officers at a mine during a strike, beyond what their public duty requires, at the owner's request. The owner's promise to pay is:

1. AUnenforceable, because police protection can never be consideration for a promise
2. BVoid, because it is contrary to public policy
3. CEnforceable, because doing more than a public duty is consideration
4. DEnforceable only if approved by Parliament

A council writes that it "may be prepared to sell" a house to a tenant and invites a formal application. The tenant applies, then the council changes its policy. In Gibson v Manchester City Council, the House of Lords held:

1. AA contract was formed when the tenant applied
2. BThe council was bound by estoppel to sell
3. CA contract was formed when the council's letter was sent to the tenant
4. DThere was no contract, because the letter was not an offer

A boarding-house warden employed by a school abuses the boys in his care. In Lister v Hesley Hall, the employer was:

1. ALiable only for its own negligent hiring
2. BNot liable, because the warden acted for himself
3. CNot liable, because abuse is never within the course of the warden's employment
4. DVicariously liable, because the abuse was closely connected with his duties

After a workplace injury weakens his leg, a man walks down steep stairs with no handrail while carrying a child, his leg gives way, and he jumps and breaks his ankle. In McKew v Holland and Hannen and Cubitts:

1. AThe stairs' owner was solely liable
2. BHis unreasonable conduct broke the chain of causation
3. CThe employer was liable for the ankle injury as a foreseeable result
4. DThe employer was liable for half of the ankle injury

In Lingens v Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held that politicians:

1. AHave no rights under Article 10
2. BAre fully protected from any criticism
3. CMust tolerate wider criticism than private individuals
4. DCannot sue for defamation at all

The Venice Commission is:

1. AThe EU's highest court
2. BAn Italian regional parliament
3. CA United Nations body that hears individual human rights complaints
4. DThe Council of Europe's advisory body on constitutional law

D attacks someone while sleepwalking. Following R v Burgess, the correct defence is:

1. ASelf-defence, because D was dreaming of an attack
2. BInvoluntary intoxication, because D was not aware
3. CInsanity, because sleepwalking was caused by an internal factor
4. DNon-insane automatism, because sleep is natural

In R v Dica (2004), D had sex with partners without telling them he was HIV-positive. The Court of Appeal held that:

1. AConsent is never relevant to the transmission of disease, since s20 protects public health
2. BNon-disclosure always makes sex rape under English law
3. CD was guilty of murder, because HIV can kill
4. DInformed consent to the risk of infection could be a defence to inflicting GBH under s20

According to the Dassonville formula, a measure having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction is:

1. AAny trading rule capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, intra-EU trade
2. BOnly a rule that openly discriminates against imported goods in favour of domestic products of the same kind
3. CAny tax on goods coming from another member state
4. DOnly a rule that fixes a numerical limit on imports

In Centros (1999), a Danish couple registered a company in the UK to avoid Danish minimum capital rules and sought to open a branch in Denmark. The Court held:

1. ACompanies have no right of establishment under EU law
2. BRefusing to register the branch breached the freedom of establishment
3. CThe UK was required to dissolve the company
4. DDenmark could refuse because the company was set up to avoid Danish law