Introduction to Law: cram pack

A promises to keep an offer open until Friday. On Thursday, B hears from a reliable third party that A has sold the property to someone else. Under Dickinson v Dodds:

1. AB can accept and claim the property from the new buyer
2. BThe offer has been revoked, so B can no longer accept
3. CThe offer stays open until Friday, as A promised
4. DB can sue A for breaking the promise to keep it open

A chartered ship is returned late, and the owner loses a very profitable follow-on charter. In The Achilleas, the House of Lords held the charterer was liable:

1. AFor no loss, because late return is not a breach
2. BFor the whole profit lost on the follow-on charter, as it was foreseeable
3. COnly for the market rate difference during the overrun period
4. DFor punitive damages, because the delay was deliberate

Under Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board, a doctor must inform a patient about:

1. AEvery possible risk, however remote
2. BMaterial risks of treatment and reasonable alternatives
3. CNothing, unless the patient asks
4. DOnly the risks other doctors would usually mention

As a practical joke, a man falsely tells a woman that her husband has been badly injured. She suffers a serious illness from the shock. In Wilkinson v Downton, the man was:

1. ALiable for intentionally causing physical harm by a false statement
2. BNot liable, because it was only a joke
3. CLiable only in defamation
4. DNot liable, because there was no direct physical contact with the woman

A chief constable is dismissed without being told the charges or given a chance to respond. In Ridge v Baldwin, the House of Lords held:

1. AOnly Parliament could review the decision
2. BThe dismissal was void for breach of natural justice
3. CThe dismissal was valid, because the police had no contract
4. DThe dismissal was valid, as it was an administrative decision

In R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU (2017), the Supreme Court said about the Sewel convention that:

1. AIt requires Scottish consent to the UK's withdrawal from the EU
2. BIt became legally binding when written into statute
3. CIt applies only to Northern Ireland
4. DIt is a political convention that courts cannot enforce

Oblique (indirect) intention in English law (R v Woollin) exists when:

1. ADeath or serious harm was a virtual certainty and the defendant appreciated this
2. BThe result was merely possible
3. CThe defendant did not foresee any harm
4. DDeath was a foreseeable consequence that a reasonable person would have appreciated

The principle of "ne bis in idem" means that:

1. AA person cannot be tried or punished twice for the same offence
2. BAppeals are forbidden
3. CTwo judges must hear every case
4. DEvery crime must be punished twice

In Dillenkofer (1996), the Court held that a complete failure to transpose a directive on time is:

1. AExcused if the state was busy with elections
2. BSerious only if the Commission has first warned the state in a reasoned opinion
3. CIn itself a sufficiently serious breach for state liability
4. DNever a ground for state liability

Under Article 263 TFEU, a private applicant may challenge a regulatory act that does not need implementing measures if it is:

1. APublished in a national newspaper
2. BOf direct concern to them
3. COf interest to them in any way
4. DAdopted unanimously