उत्तरों सहित प्रयोगशाला मान और इलेक्ट्रोलाइट वर्कशीट

कोशिकाओं के बाहर के द्रव में मुख्य ऋणायन कौन-सा है?

1. Aफ़ॉस्फ़ेट
2. Bपोटैशियम
3. Cक्लोराइड
4. Dबाइकार्बोनेट

What is a typical adult reference range for serum bicarbonate (total CO₂) on a metabolic panel?

1. AAbout 35–45 mEq/L
2. BAbout 8–12 mEq/L
3. CAbout 22–28 mEq/L
4. DAbout 98–106 mEq/L

वयस्क में कुल सीरम कैल्शियम की सामान्य संदर्भ सीमा क्या है?

1. Aलगभग 3.5–5.0 mg/dL (0.87–1.25 mmol/L)
2. Bलगभग 8.5–10.5 mg/dL (2.1–2.6 mmol/L)
3. Cलगभग 12–16 mg/dL (3.0–4.0 mmol/L)
4. Dलगभग 1.3–2.1 mg/dL (0.3–0.5 mmol/L)

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2.1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
2. BA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
3. COrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
4. DGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed

Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

1. AHives and itching without other signs
2. BBack pain with dark red urine output
3. CA low temperature and slow heart rate
4. DCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP

A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present
2. BA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
3. CA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
4. DThe test is useless and should always be ignored

A patient with acute kidney injury has a potassium of 6.8 mEq/L despite medical treatment, a pH of 7.12 and pulmonary edema not responding to diuretics. Which treatment is most likely needed?

1. AAn IV magnesium dose
2. BMore oral fluid
3. CUrgent dialysis
4. DA potassium supplement

After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?

1. AAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
2. BHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
3. CLarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
4. DFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload