उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What does stridor usually indicate?

1. ANarrowing of the small airways
2. BInflammation of the pleura
3. CFluid in the alveoli
4. DNarrowing of the upper airway

What does the term "dyspnoea" mean?

1. AA complete stop in breathing lasting over 10 seconds
2. BA breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute at rest
3. CBreathing that is deeper than normal
4. DThe feeling of difficult or uncomfortable breathing

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe coronary arteries
2. BThe heart muscle itself
3. CThe inner lining of the heart chambers
4. DThe sac that surrounds the heart

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. ARemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
2. BStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
3. CShower as normal with the monitor on
4. DKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times

Which energy-conservation advice is most useful for a patient with severe COPD?

1. ASit down for tasks such as washing and dressing, and pace activities
2. BAvoid any activity at all, staying in a chair to save their energy
3. CHold the breath while lifting heavy objects
4. DDo all the household tasks quickly in the morning to get them done

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways
2. BIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly
3. CIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack
4. DIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors

A patient with small-cell lung cancer becomes confused. Sodium is 122 mmol/L (122 mEq/L) with concentrated urine, and there are no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
2. BSevere dehydration from poor oral intake
3. CCranial diabetes insipidus from brain metastases
4. DExcess salt in the diet over several weeks

During tracheal suctioning, a patient's heart rate drops from 88/min to 48/min. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop suctioning, give oxygen and monitor the patient
2. BGive a dose of atropine without a prescription
3. CIncrease the suction pressure to finish faster
4. DContinue suctioning until the airway is completely clear