उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

Which side effects are common after inhaled salbutamol (albuterol)?

1. ADrowsiness and a slow heart rate
2. BFine tremor and a fast heart rate
3. CWeight gain and ankle swelling
4. DConstipation and dry eyes

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
2. BWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise
3. CA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection
4. DA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold

चेस्ट ड्रेन को पानी के नीचे की सील (अंडरवॉटर सील) से क्यों जोड़ा जाता है?

1. Aपानी सूजी हुई प्लूरल गुहा को ठंडक और राहत देता है
2. Bपानी बहते द्रव में से जीवाणुओं को छान देता है
3. Cपानी फेफड़ों तक पहुँचने वाली हवा को नम करता है
4. Dपानी हवा और द्रव को बाहर निकलने देता है पर हवा को वापस भीतर जाने से रोकता है

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol
3. CA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
4. DAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
2. BIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
3. CIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
4. DIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. ABoth types need no medicines after surgery
2. BMechanical valves wear out within one year
3. CBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
4. DMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation

हाई-फ़्लो ऑक्सीजन के साथ ह्यूमिडिफ़िकेशन (नमी देना) क्यों उपयोग होता है?

1. Aजलवाष्प ऑक्सीजन आपूर्ति से जीवाणुओं को छान देता है
2. Bउच्च प्रवाह पर सूखी गैस वायुमार्ग को सुखा देती है और स्राव को गाढ़ा करती है
3. Cह्यूमिडिफ़िकेशन ऑक्सीजन विषाक्तता को विकसित होने से रोकता है
4. Dनमी वाली गैस सूखी गैस से प्रति लीटर अधिक ऑक्सीजन ले जाती है

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
2. BVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
3. CVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
4. DVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth