उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What is an aneurysm?

1. AAn abnormal bulging of a weakened artery wall
2. BA tear in the inner lining of a vein
3. CA blood clot in a deep vein
4. DA complete blockage of an artery by plaque

शिरापरक पैर के अल्सर सबसे अधिक कहाँ होते हैं?

1. Aतलवे पर मेटाटार्सल सिरों के नीचे
2. Bपैर की उँगलियों के सिरों पर
3. Cएड़ी के पीछे
4. Dमीडियल मैलियोलस (टखने के भीतरी उभार) के ऊपर

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. AEmphysema
2. BAsthma
3. CLung cancer
4. DPneumothorax

A patient has a heart rate of 36/min with hypotension and dizziness. Which drug is usually the first choice?

1. AIntravenous adenosine
2. BIntravenous atropine
3. COral bisoprolol
4. DIntravenous amiodarone

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
4. DIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
2. BBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
3. CCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
4. DBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure

चेस्ट ड्रेन निकालने का कौन-सा तरीका आमतौर पर सिखाया जाता है?

1. Aनिकालकर स्थल को एक दिन के लिए निकासी हेतु खुला छोड़ना
2. Bचूषण पूरी शक्ति से चलते हुए निकालना
3. Cसाँस रोके रहने या साँस छोड़ने के दौरान निकालना, फिर स्थल को सील करना
4. Dमरीज़ के लंबी, गहरी साँस भीतर लेते समय धीरे-धीरे निकालना

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. AUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
2. BLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
3. CUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
4. DLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60