उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

कौन-सा आहार परिवर्तन रक्तचाप को सबसे अधिक घटाता है?

1. Aअधिक कॉफ़ी और चीनी मिले फिज़ी पेय कम
2. Bकम नमक और अधिक फल व सब्ज़ियाँ
3. Cअधिक फलों का रस और कम पानी
4. Dअधिक लाल मांस और कम ब्रेड

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BOral thrush
3. CDry mouth
4. DWeight gain

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. ASwelling of both ankles
2. BA persistent dry cough
3. CA fast, irregular heart rate
4. DA productive cough with green sputum

After varicose vein surgery, which advice is usually given?

1. AAvoid all walking until the bruising has gone
2. BStay in bed for two weeks with the legs hanging down
3. CWear the compression stockings as advised and walk regularly
4. DStand still for long periods to help the veins heal

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
4. DIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
3. CPotassium has no link with either medicine
4. DLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity

The stump of a recent below-knee amputation suddenly bleeds heavily through the dressing. What should the nurse do first?

1. AApply a warm compress to the stump
2. BRemove all the dressings and wait for the bleeding to stop by itself
3. CApply firm direct pressure and call for urgent surgical help
4. DEncourage the patient to walk on crutches to ease the pressure

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula
2. BParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
3. CHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
4. DReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal