उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
2. BThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
3. CThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
4. DThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA falling level of potassium in the blood
2. BA rising level of oxygen in the blood
3. CA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
4. DA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute
2. BThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
3. CThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
4. DThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
2. BAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
3. CApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
4. DUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles

A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?

1. AWithin about 10 minutes of arrival
2. BOnly after the troponin result is available
3. CThe following morning
4. DWithin 2 hours of arrival

परिधीय धमनी रोग वाले मरीज़ को रात में पैर में दर्द होता है। कौन-सी स्थिति उसे कम कर सकती है?

1. Aपैरों को बिस्तर के किनारे से नीचे लटकाना
2. Bपैरों को कम्प्रेशन बैंडेज में लपेटना
3. Cपैरों को तकियों पर हृदय के स्तर से ऊपर उठाना
4. Dगर्म पानी की बोतल सीधे पैरों पर रखना

चेस्ट ड्रेन निकालने का कौन-सा तरीका आमतौर पर सिखाया जाता है?

1. Aसाँस रोके रहने या साँस छोड़ने के दौरान निकालना, फिर स्थल को सील करना
2. Bनिकालकर स्थल को एक दिन के लिए निकासी हेतु खुला छोड़ना
3. Cमरीज़ के लंबी, गहरी साँस भीतर लेते समय धीरे-धीरे निकालना
4. Dचूषण पूरी शक्ति से चलते हुए निकालना

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
2. BLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows
3. CEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing
4. DSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen