उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
2. BThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute
3. CThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest
4. DThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

पैर में डीप वेन थ्रोम्बोसिस (गहरी शिरा का थक्का) का कौन-सा निष्कर्ष विशिष्ट है?

1. Aदोनों पैर ठंडे, पीले और नाड़ी रहित
2. Bदोनों टखनों के आसपास त्वचा पर भूरे दाग
3. Cएक ओर की पिंडली में सूजन, गर्माहट और छूने पर दर्द
4. Dचलने पर पिंडली का दर्द जो आराम के कुछ मिनटों में ठीक हो जाए

What is pitting oedema?

1. ARedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
2. BSwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed
3. CA small sore that forms on the shin
4. DSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure

एक मरीज़ में B-टाइप नैट्रियूरेटिक पेप्टाइड (BNP या NT-proBNP) बढ़ा हुआ है। यह मुख्यतः क्या दर्शाता है?

1. Aनिलयों का खिंचाव और दाब अधिभार
2. Bहृदय पेशी की इस्कीमिक क्षति
3. Cजमाव से यकृत की सूजन
4. Dगिरने के बाद कंकाल पेशी की क्षति

Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?

1. ADamage to a vein during hip surgery
2. BTaking an oestrogen-containing pill
3. CImmobility after major surgery
4. DAn inherited clotting disorder

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
2. BA chest drain is in place
3. CThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
4. DAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded

A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?

1. AInflate the cuff with more air
2. BGive a nebulised bronchodilator
3. CIncrease the oxygen and wait
4. DRemove the inner cannula

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AAn asthma attack
2. BDecompensated heart failure
3. CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
4. DHyperventilation from anxiety