उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

What is cor pulmonale?

1. AInflammation of the lining around the heart
2. BLeft-sided heart failure caused by a heart attack
3. CInfection of the heart valves
4. DRight-sided heart failure caused by lung disease

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A0.02–0.06 seconds
2. B0.40–0.60 seconds
3. C1.0–1.2 seconds
4. D0.12–0.20 seconds

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ASudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
2. BBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
3. CCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
4. DDull ache that slowly builds over several days

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
2. BIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
3. CIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant
4. DIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AA fungal infection of the lungs
2. BA viral infection of the upper airway
3. CStaphylococcal infection of the skin
4. DA group A streptococcal throat infection

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser
2. BWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
3. CIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
4. DIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
3. CVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth
4. DVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only

जिस मरीज़ ने कल ACE इनहिबिटर शुरू किया, उसके होंठों और जीभ में सूजन तथा आवाज़ में भारीपन आ जाता है। नर्स को सबसे पहले क्या करना चाहिए?

1. Aअगली खुराक जल्दी देना, क्योंकि इससे सूजन जल्दी ठीक हो जाएगी
2. Bहोंठों पर बर्फ़ लगाना और सुबह फिर देखना
3. Cसमझाना कि यह अपेक्षित, हानिरहित दुष्प्रभाव है
4. Dवायुमार्ग का आकलन करना, तुरंत मदद बुलाना और आगे की खुराकें रोकना