उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: हृदय-संवहनी और श्वसन वर्कशीट

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe sternocleidomastoid
2. BThe trapezius
3. CThe diaphragm
4. DThe abdominal muscles

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open
2. BThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
3. CThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
4. DThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. ANarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
2. BInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
3. CA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf
4. DFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APericarditis
2. BPulmonary oedema
3. CAsthma
4. DPneumothorax

What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?

1. ATo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night
2. BTo kill bacteria in the airways
3. CTo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up
4. DTo widen the airways within minutes

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass III
2. BClass II
3. CClass IV
4. DClass I

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."
2. B"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
3. C"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
4. D"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."

After a car crash, a patient is severely breathless with absent breath sounds on the right, a deviated trachea, distended neck veins and BP 76/40 mmHg. What is the immediate management?

1. ALying the patient flat with the legs raised
2. BInsertion of a urinary catheter to monitor output
3. CA chest X-ray to confirm the diagnosis before any treatment
4. DUrgent needle or finger decompression of the right chest