उत्तरों सहित मेड-सर्ज: पाचन, शल्य-पूर्व/पश्चात और कैंसर वर्कशीट

Which two sites are most common for pressure ulcers in patients lying in bed?

1. AThe palms and the forehead
2. BThe forearms and the knees
3. CThe thighs and the upper arms
4. DThe sacrum and the heels

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AWeight gain caused by steroid treatment
2. BA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
3. CSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
4. DA skin rash from radiotherapy

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. AHair loss from the scalp
2. BCough and breathlessness
3. CDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
4. DDiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine

How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?

1. AThey cure the underlying lung disease
2. BThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
3. CThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
4. DThey open the airways like an inhaler

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. AThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change
2. BLess exudate on each dressing change
3. CA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
4. DDry, healing skin with mild itching

नई इलियोस्टॉमी वाले मरीज़ की निकासी बहुत अधिक है। मुख्य जोखिम क्या है?

1. Aकुछ ही दिनों में उच्च कैल्शियम और गुर्दे की पथरी
2. Bद्रव अधिभार और टखनों की सूजन
3. Cस्टोमा के ऊपर की आंत में कब्ज़ और मल का जमाव
4. Dनिर्जलीकरण और सोडियम, पोटैशियम तथा मैग्नीशियम की हानि

A patient who takes NSAIDs suddenly develops severe epigastric pain, a rigid abdomen and shoulder-tip pain. Which finding would most support the likely diagnosis?

1. AA raised serum lipase three times the upper limit
2. BFluid levels in the bladder on an ultrasound scan
3. CTall, peaked T waves on a 12-lead ECG
4. DFree air under the diaphragm on an erect chest X-ray

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
2. BIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
3. CIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
4. DIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high