Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
2. BIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
3. CIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe atrioventricular (AV) node
2. BThe bundle of His
3. CThe sinoatrial (SA) node
4. DThe Purkinje fibres

Mengapa pernapasan bibir mencucu (pursed-lip breathing) diajarkan kepada pasien PPOK?

1. AMengurangi dorongan untuk batuk pada siang hari
2. BMenguatkan diafragma saat inhalasi
3. CMeningkatkan kandungan oksigen udara yang dihirup
4. DMenjaga saluran napas kecil tetap terbuka saat ekshalasi

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. ARun it at the highest possible gas flow
2. BGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
3. CUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
4. DMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
2. BHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
3. CHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
4. DHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant

Seorang pasien yang mengonsumsi warfarin mulai makan salad bayam dan kale dalam jumlah besar setiap hari. Apa kekhawatiran utamanya?

1. ATidak ada interaksi antara makanan dan warfarin
2. BVitamin K tambahan dapat meningkatkan INR
3. CSayuran hijau merusak hati pada pengguna warfarin
4. DVitamin K tambahan dapat menurunkan INR

On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. ATube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
2. BA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function
3. CA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
4. DNormal variation that needs no action

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. AHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
2. BPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
3. CPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
4. DPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries