Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Seorang pasien gagal jantung mengatakan ia membutuhkan tiga bantal agar dapat bernapas nyaman pada malam hari. Apa nama gejala ini?

1. ATakipnea
2. BBradipnea
3. CHemoptisis
4. DOrtopnea

Where does gas exchange between air and blood take place in the lungs?

1. AIn the main bronchi
2. BIn the alveoli
3. CIn the pleural space
4. DIn the trachea

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
2. BA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection
3. CWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise
4. DA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. ALying on the left side, with the healthy lung down
2. BLying on the right side, with the affected lung down
3. CFlat on the back with no pillows
4. DProne with the head down

A patient on home oxygen has dry, sore lips. Which product is safest to use?

1. AAn alcohol-based gel
2. BAn oil-based balm
3. CA water-based lubricant
4. DPetroleum jelly

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AAn increased risk of pneumonia
2. BA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
3. CAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
4. DHearing loss after every dose

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute respiratory distress syndrome
2. BAn acute asthma attack
3. CSpontaneous pneumothorax
4. DAcute left ventricular failure after an MI

A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
2. BContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning
3. CGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
4. DRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on