Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. AHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
2. BCoarse crackles that clear on coughing
3. CDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
4. DNormal percussion and bronchial breathing

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
2. BThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
3. CThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
4. DAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange

Pemeriksaan darah mana yang digunakan untuk memantau terapi warfarin?

1. AKadar anti-Xa
2. BINR (international normalised ratio)
3. CWaktu tromboplastin parsial teraktivasi
4. DJumlah trombosit

Monitor menunjukkan fibrilasi ventrikel. Pasien tidak responsif dan tidak bernapas normal. Apa penanganan kuncinya?

1. AAdenosin IV cepat diikuti pembilasan
2. BKardioversi tersinkronisasi dengan sedasi dalam
3. CAtropin IV dan pacu jantung eksternal
4. DRJP dan defibrilasi sesegera mungkin

Menurut pedoman terkini, kapan oksigen diberikan kepada pasien dengan sindrom koroner akut?

1. AHanya bila SpO₂ di bawah rentang target
2. BSelalu 15 L/menit, berapa pun saturasinya
3. CHanya setelah hasil troponin tersedia
4. DTidak pernah, karena oksigen merusak otot jantung

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
2. BBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting

A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
2. BEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
3. CRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on
4. DContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning

A patient with an inferior myocardial infarction develops complete heart block with a heart rate of 38/min. What is the most likely reason?

1. AHeart block is caused by the thrombolytic drug
2. BThe right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
3. CInferior infarcts always destroy the bundle of His permanently
4. DThe left anterior descending artery supplies the SA node only