Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. ACarbon monoxide poisoning
2. BA warm hand at rest
3. CA regular pulse of 80/min
4. DBreathing room air

What is the normal resting respiratory rate for an adult?

1. A30–40 breaths per minute
2. B24–30 breaths per minute
3. C12–20 breaths per minute
4. D6–10 breaths per minute

Kelompok temuan mana yang khas untuk pneumonia bakteri?

1. AMengi yang hilang sepenuhnya dalam hitungan menit setelah inhaler pelega
2. BDada seperti tong dan sesak napas selama bertahun-tahun
3. CNyeri dada mendadak dengan paru bersih dan tanpa demam
4. DDemam, batuk berdahak, dan krepitasi di satu area

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APneumothorax
2. BPericarditis
3. CAsthma
4. DPulmonary oedema

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
2. BBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
3. CBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
4. DBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor

Mengapa pasien PPOK berat dianjurkan makan dalam porsi kecil tetapi sering?

1. AMakan besar menyebabkan saluran napas menyempit permanen
2. BMakan sering mencegah infeksi dada secara langsung
3. CLambung penuh membatasi diafragma dan makan melelahkan
4. DMakan kecil mengurangi seberapa sering inhaler diperlukan

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea
2. BA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
3. CA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
4. DA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive a sedative to help the patient rest
2. BReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas
3. CKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent
4. DRemove the oxygen completely and observe