Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
3. CThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

What does "myocardial infarction" mean?

1. AInfection of the heart valves
2. BTemporary chest pain with no muscle damage
3. CDeath of heart muscle caused by a blocked blood supply
4. DInflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart

Berapa rentang target INR yang biasa untuk pasien yang mengonsumsi warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium?

1. A0,5–1,0
2. B4,0–5,0
3. C1,0–1,5
4. D2,0–3,0

Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AA lung function test
2. BCompression duplex ultrasound
3. CAn exercise ECG
4. DA plain chest X-ray and an ECG

After varicose vein surgery, which advice is usually given?

1. AWear the compression stockings as advised and walk regularly
2. BAvoid all walking until the bruising has gone
3. CStay in bed for two weeks with the legs hanging down
4. DStand still for long periods to help the veins heal

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
2. BExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
3. CEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
4. DAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ATell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
2. BRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
3. CDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
4. DGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from

A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?

1. ACancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently
2. BDocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
3. CStart chest compressions
4. DGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min