Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AThat the patient has never met TB
2. BInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
3. CActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
4. DComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine

Bagaimana perawat memeriksa defisit nadi pada fibrilasi atrium?

1. ADua orang menghitung nadi apikal dan radial bersamaan selama satu menit
2. BSatu orang meraba kedua nadi karotis sekaligus
3. CSatu orang menghitung nadi radial selama 15 detik dan mengalikannya empat
4. DDenyut jantung dibaca dari layar oksimeter nadi

Which chest X-ray finding is classic for sarcoidosis?

1. AA single round mass in one apex
2. BA completely white lung on one side
3. CEnlarged lymph nodes at both lung hila
4. DA visible edge of collapsed lung

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
4. DMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ALow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
2. BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
3. CDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
4. DDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
2. BBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
3. CBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
4. DBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal

Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ARetroperitoneal bleeding
2. BNormal back ache from lying flat
3. CAn allergic reaction to the contrast
4. DA urinary tract infection

Seorang pasien berventilator di perawatan kritis berisiko pneumonia terkait ventilator. Tindakan keperawatan mana yang membantu mengurangi risiko ini?

1. AMenjaga kepala tempat tidur tetap dinaikkan 30–45°
2. BMenghindari perawatan mulut untuk mencegah gusi berdarah
3. CMenjaga pasien tetap datar untuk melindungi pipa endotrakeal
4. DMengganti selang ventilator setiap beberapa jam