Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe loop of Henle
2. BThe collecting duct only
3. CThe renal artery
4. DThe glomerulus

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ANoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
2. BVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
3. CBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses
4. DDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis

Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?

1. ASinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse
2. BVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
3. CAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate
4. DAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. AProminent U waves
2. BA sawtooth baseline
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DDelta waves before the QRS

A patient with stable angina is afraid nicotine patches will harm their heart. Which reply is most accurate?

1. APeople with angina must stop smoking without any help
2. BNicotine patches are much more harmful to the heart than cigarettes
3. CNicotine replacement is much safer than smoking and is recommended
4. DNicotine replacement only works if smoking continues

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
2. BIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
3. CThe patch works only during the night
4. DA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance

A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck and chest veins and breathlessness that is worse when bending forward. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to chemotherapy
2. BSuperior vena cava obstruction
3. CRight-sided heart failure
4. DA deep vein thrombosis in the leg

Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe drain is working well, so no action is needed
2. BThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
3. CThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal
4. DEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently