Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only
2. BThe volume of one normal resting breath
3. CThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in
4. DThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out

Kelompok tanda mana yang menunjukkan retensi karbon dioksida (hiperkapnia)?

1. AMengantuk, sakit kepala, kulit memerah, dan nadi kuat
2. BKulit pucat, dingin, lembap dengan nadi lemah seperti benang
3. CPupil sangat kecil dengan denyut jantung sangat lambat
4. DJari dan bibir kesemutan setelah bernapas cepat

Apa peran utama obat antikoagulan seperti heparin atau apiksaban?

1. AMeningkatkan jumlah trombosit setelah operasi atau perdarahan
2. BMencegah bekuan baru dan menghentikan bekuan yang ada membesar
3. CMelarutkan bekuan yang ada sepenuhnya dalam beberapa menit
4. DMenghentikan trombosit saling menempel

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AA viral infection of the upper airway
2. BStaphylococcal infection of the skin
3. CA group A streptococcal throat infection
4. DA fungal infection of the lungs

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
2. BHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow
3. CHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
4. DDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
2. BTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
3. CTo replace a damaged heart valve
4. DTo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
2. BA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
3. CA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
4. DA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea

Seorang pasien yang mengonsumsi dabigatran mengalami perdarahan saluran cerna serius. Agen pembalik spesifik mana yang dapat digunakan?

1. AAsam traneksamat saja
2. BFitomenadion (vitamin K)
3. CProtamin sulfat
4. DIdarusizumab