Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. AOrange-red colouring of the urine and tears
2. BBlurred vision or changes in colour vision
3. CA painful, red and swollen big toe joint
4. DNumbness and tingling of the feet and hands

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
2. BA persistent dry, tickly cough
3. COrange-red colouring of the urine
4. DBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CContact precautions with gloves only
4. DProtective isolation for the patient's own sake

Seorang pasien asma menggunakan inhaler pelega lebih dari tiga kali seminggu. Apa yang ditunjukkan hal ini?

1. AKontrol asma buruk dan pengobatan perlu ditinjau
2. BPelega tidak lagi bekerja dan harus dihentikan
3. CAsma terkontrol baik dengan rencana saat ini
4. DInhaler pencegah tidak lagi diperlukan

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
2. BUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
3. CAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
4. DTake a beta-blocker before exercise

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. APrimary hyperaldosteronism
2. BIron-deficiency anaemia
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DEssential hypertension of ageing

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. ADecompensated heart failure
2. BAn asthma attack
3. CHyperventilation from anxiety
4. DA primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
2. B"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
3. C"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
4. D"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."