Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is an aneurysm?

1. AA complete blockage of an artery by plaque
2. BA blood clot in a deep vein
3. CAn abnormal bulging of a weakened artery wall
4. DA tear in the inner lining of a vein

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of sodium in the blood
2. BA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
3. CA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
4. DA high level of fluid in the tissues

Which sign often appears earliest in hypovolaemic shock in an adult?

1. AA slow, bounding pulse
2. BA systolic pressure below 70 mmHg
3. CFixed, dilated pupils
4. DA rising heart rate

After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?

1. AKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
2. BSitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent
3. CKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling
4. DLying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AA viral infection of the upper airway
2. BA fungal infection of the lungs
3. CStaphylococcal infection of the skin
4. DA group A streptococcal throat infection

How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?

1. ATake the average of ten blows after exercise
2. BTake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
3. CBlow only during an asthma attack, never when well
4. DTake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day

A patient with life-threatening asthma has not responded to repeated nebulised salbutamol (albuterol), ipratropium and steroids. Which drug is commonly given intravenously next?

1. AMorphine
2. BMagnesium sulfate
3. CMetoprolol
4. DIntravenous furosemide

A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck and chest veins and breathlessness that is worse when bending forward. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to chemotherapy
2. BA deep vein thrombosis in the leg
3. CRight-sided heart failure
4. DSuperior vena cava obstruction