Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Perubahan pola makan mana yang paling menurunkan tekanan darah?

1. ALebih banyak kopi dan lebih sedikit minuman bersoda dengan gula tambahan
2. BLebih banyak jus buah dan lebih sedikit air
3. CLebih sedikit garam dan lebih banyak buah dan sayur
4. DLebih banyak daging merah dan lebih sedikit roti

What is the usual SpO₂ of a healthy adult at rest breathing room air?

1. AAbout 80–85%
2. BAbout 95–100%
3. CAbout 70–75%
4. DAbout 60–65%

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
4. DIt kills bacteria in the bronchi

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnly when they have diarrhoea
2. BWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
3. COnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
4. DOnly at bedtime

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. AFlush the cannula hard to clear it
2. BLeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
3. CCover the site and keep using it until it blocks
4. DRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
2. BHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
3. CHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
4. DHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver

A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?

1. AA 12-lead ECG
2. BSpirometry
3. CA lumbar puncture
4. DAn abdominal ultrasound

A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AShe should be sent home after a sedative
2. BBreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her
3. CThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
4. DLow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded