Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Temuan mana yang paling khas untuk gagal jantung kanan?

1. ATerbangun pada malam hari dengan terengah-engah
2. BDahak berbusa merah muda dan krepitasi halus di kedua dasar paru
3. CSesak napas hanya saat berbaring datar
4. DEdema dependen dan tekanan vena jugularis yang meningkat

Perubahan pola makan mana yang paling menurunkan tekanan darah?

1. ALebih banyak daging merah dan lebih sedikit roti
2. BLebih banyak jus buah dan lebih sedikit air
3. CLebih sedikit garam dan lebih banyak buah dan sayur
4. DLebih banyak kopi dan lebih sedikit minuman bersoda dengan gula tambahan

Aritmia mana yang paling meningkatkan risiko stroke iskemik?

1. ATakikardia sinus saat berolahraga
2. BFibrilasi atrium
3. CBradikardia sinus pada atlet
4. DAritmia sinus

During airway suctioning, when should suction be applied?

1. AContinuously for at least 30 seconds
2. BBefore the catheter enters the airway
3. COnly while withdrawing the catheter
4. DOnly while inserting the catheter

What is the purpose of a mucolytic such as carbocisteine in chronic productive cough?

1. ATo make sputum thinner and easier to cough up
2. BTo kill bacteria in the airways
3. CTo stop the patient coughing completely, day and night
4. DTo widen the airways within minutes

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. AFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
2. BLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
3. CDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
4. DDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. ALeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
2. BUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution
3. CGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night
4. DNurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open

A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?

1. AContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs
2. BUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
3. CTake two pills a day to make up for the drug
4. DStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur