Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A0,12–0,20 seconds
2. B0,40–0,60 seconds
3. C0,02–0,06 seconds
4. D1,0–1,2 seconds

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of sodium in the blood
2. BA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
3. CA high level of fluid in the tissues
4. DA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume

What is a thoracentesis?

1. AMeasuring lung volumes by blowing into a tube
2. BInserting a flexible camera into the airways to look inside
3. CRemoving fluid from the pleural space with a needle
4. DRemoving a lobe of the lung

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
2. BGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
3. CUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
4. DRun it at the highest possible gas flow

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
2. BGive IV amiodarone as a bolus
3. CDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
4. DStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
2. BStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high
3. CStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol
4. DStatins work as painkillers for chest pain

A patient with a stab wound to the chest has a hole that sucks air with each breath. What is the immediate management?

1. APack the wound tightly with gauze pushed deep into the chest
2. BSeal it completely with tape on all four sides and leave it alone
3. CCover it with a vented chest seal or a dressing taped on three sides
4. DLeave it open and give a nebuliser

A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L (6,8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?

1. AA dose of digoxin
2. BAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment
3. CIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
4. DOral potassium supplements