Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
2. BThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
3. CClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4. DBlood flowing quickly into the atria

Bagaimana semprotan atau tablet gliseril trinitrat (nitrogliserin) diberikan untuk angina?

1. ADi bawah lidah, dengan pasien duduk
2. BDi bawah lidah, dengan pasien berdiri tegak
3. CDitelan utuh dengan segelas air
4. DDikunyah dan ditelan setelah makan

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. AWeak heart muscle
2. BNormal lung function
3. CLow haemoglobin
4. DObstruction to airflow

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. ACut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure
2. BCheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
3. CWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet
4. DUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
2. BA clear runny nose
3. CA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
4. DAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
2. BHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
3. CHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
4. DHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries

After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?

1. AAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach
2. BWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
3. CDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster
4. DReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin

Seorang pasien dengan penggantian katup mitral mekanik yang mengonsumsi warfarin memiliki INR 2,2. Apa yang harus dipertimbangkan perawat?

1. AINR berada dalam rentang untuk setiap indikasi warfarin, sehingga tidak perlu tindakan
2. BINR mungkin di bawah target pasien ini yang lebih tinggi, jadi periksa dan laporkan
3. CINR seharusnya sekitar 1,0 untuk katup mekanik
4. DINR sangat tinggi dan dosis harus ditahan