Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AOver the middle of the breastbone
2. BThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
3. CJust below the right nipple
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line

Aritmia mana yang paling meningkatkan risiko stroke iskemik?

1. AFibrilasi atrium
2. BTakikardia sinus saat berolahraga
3. CBradikardia sinus pada atlet
4. DAritmia sinus

Apa komplikasi paling serius dari trombosis vena dalam?

1. AEmboli paru
2. BPembengkakan tungkai pasca-trombotik
3. CVarises
4. DTromboflebitis superfisial

Mengapa penyekat beta tidak boleh dihentikan mendadak pada pasien penyakit jantung iskemik?

1. AObat tetap tersimpan di jaringan selama beberapa bulan setelahnya
2. BDenyut jantung menjadi lambat permanen setelahnya
3. CPenghentian mendadak menyebabkan hipoglikemia berat dan berkepanjangan
4. DTakikardia dan hipertensi rebound dapat memicu angina atau infark miokard

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
2. BDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
3. CStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
4. DGive IV amiodarone as a bolus

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. ASignificant peripheral arterial disease
2. BA deep vein thrombosis
3. CNormal leg circulation
4. DStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. AWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
2. BNormal recovery; no action is needed
3. CPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic
4. DAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation

Drainase dada pasien tidak sengaja tercabut. Apa tindakan segera?

1. AMenutup lokasi dengan balutan oklusif steril dan meminta bantuan
2. BMendorong drain kembali ke dada dan mengamankannya dengan plester
3. CMembiarkan lubang terbuka agar udara terperangkap dapat keluar
4. DMeminta pasien batuk kuat untuk mengembangkan paru